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| Devops on aws - Eduard Kabrinskiy
<h1>Devops on aws</h1>
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<h1>Keith Sharp's Blog</h1>
<h2>Witterings and wonderings</h2>
<h1>DevOps on AWS ? Building an AMI Bakery</h1>
<p>There?s a relatively new concept in the IT world called immutable infrastructure. This is the idea that once you create a server you should never change it?s running configuration. The advantages of this approach include: avoidance of configuration drift; no need to patch running systems; and no need for privileged access to running systems.</p>
<p>Configuration drift is where, over time, administrators log on to running systems and make changes. Unfortunately these changes are often undocumented and in some cases not persisted, so they aren?t applied on reboot. This leads to lots of unique servers which are impossible to manage at scale.</p>
<p>Everyone should be familiar with the idea of patching running servers. In my experience performing patching of live systems never goes smoothly, often due to the aforementioned configuration drift. If we don?t need to change the configuration of a running server, nor to patch it, then we?ve reached the system where there?s no need to log on as root or administrator. This is great news for tightly regulated organisations who often have to worry about privileged insider threats and spend vast sums of money to build systems that monitor what their administrators are doing.</p>
<p>The way to create immutable infrastructure, and to achieve these benefits, is to create a master image and use this to instantiate all of your servers. If you want to modify a server, changing it?s configuration or patching it, then you update your master image and redeploy your servers in a rolling upgrade. This may sound like a lot of work, but by adopting the processes and tooling of DevOps it?s actually quite simple to get up and running.</p>
<p>I?m doing a lot of work with Amazon Web Services (AWS) at the moment and their master images are called Amazon Machine Images (AMI). AWS also provides a number of DevOps tools that we can use to automate the process of creating AMIs.</p>
<h2>Building an AMI with Packer</h2>
<p>I started out by creating an AMI manually using the Packer tool from Hashicorp. Packer is an opensource application written in Go that is design to automate the production of machine images. The images are generated by taking a base image and then customising it based on a configuration file. For the purposes of my proof of concept I used the following Packer configuration file:</p>
<p>The first part of the file, the builder, describes how the image will be built. In this example I am building an ?amazon-ebs? image, i.e. an AMI backed with an Elastic Block Storage filesystem. The other values specify things like the AWS region, VPC, and EC2 instance type that will be used for the build process. One of the key fields is ?source_ami?, this field specifies the base AMI to use, here I am using the latest Amazon Linux AMI available at the time of writing.</p>
<p>The second part of the file, the provisioner, describes how the base image should be customised. In this example all I am doing is running YUM to apply all of the available package updates using an inline shell provisioner. There are lots of other provisioners described in the Packer documentation that may be more useful for complex configurations.</p>
<p>The other prerequisite that you need is a set of valid AWS credentials. Check the AWS documentation on how to set these up.</p>
<p>Once you?ve got your credentials configured you should save the configuration file as packer.json , and you can then check it?s validity by running:</p>
<p>Assuming there?s no syntax errors, building an AMI is as simple as:</p>
<p>The build might take a while to run, but once it?s finished you should be able to look at the AMIs section of the EC2 web console and see your newly baked image!</p>
<h2>Automating the Process</h2>
<p>The source code for my proof of concept AMI bakery is available from my GitHub account.</p>
<p>The automated process works by creating an AWS CodePipeline that is triggered by changes to an AWS CodeCommit Git repository. The pipeline has two stages: a source stage that monitors the Git repository and a build stage which is an AWS CodeBuild process that runs the Packer command that will produce our new AMI. For simplicity I?ve written AWS CloudFormation templates to deploy all of these services and their supporting AWS IAM roles. For the steps to do this, see the README in the GitHub repository.</p>
<h3>AWS CodeCommit</h3>
<p>AWS CodeCommit is a managed Git service, similar to GitHub. The service isn?t as feature rich as GitHub, but it has the advantages of being tightly integrated with the other AWS services and of using AWS IAM roles to control access. AWS CodePipeline supports GitHub Git repositories as well, though there are a couple of extra integration steps needed to setup access.</p>
<p>To create the AWS CodeCommit repository, deploy the codecommit.yaml AWS CloudFormation template using either the AWS web console or the CLI.</p>
<h3>AWS CodeBuild</h3>
<p>AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed build service that covers all of the steps necessary to create software packages that are ready to be installed ? compilation, testing, and packaging. AWS CodeBuild works by processing a build specification YAML file that describes the build environment and the build steps. Build environments are supplied as Docker containers, AWS provides a number of pre-built containers for common languages and platforms such as Java, Python, and Ruby.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, Packer is not one of the supplied build containers, fortunately with AWS CodeBuild you can supply your own container. This is the Dockerfile I put together to run Packer on the AWS CodeBuild service:</p>
<p>Normally I would have built a minimal Packer container, but AWS CodeBuild requires a bunch of other commands to function and I couldn?t find these listed in the documentation, so I went with the quick solution of copying what Amazon do themselves!</p>
<p>AWS CodeBuild needs to pull the container from a registry. You can use the Docker Hub container registry, but I chose to use the AWS Elastic Container Registry because it integrates with AWS CodeBuild using IAM roles which makes configuring security simpler. To create the AWS Elastic Container Registry, deploy the ecr-repository.yaml AWS CloudFormation template using either the AWS web console or the CLI.</p>
<p>With the registry created, building and uploading the Packer container is simple:</p>
<p>Run the docker login command that?s output by aws ecr . , then:</p>
<p>The final piece of configuration for AWS CodeBuild is the buildspec.yml file. Normally, I would just need a single phase, build, which would invoke Packer. However, there was a bug in the AWS Go SDK which means that you need to manually setup the security credentials for Packer to be able to access EC2. This bug has been fixed and the next version of Packer should pick this up and the install phase can be removed.</p>
<p>To create the AWS CodeBuild project, deploy the codebuild-role.yaml AWS CloudFormation template and then the codebuild-project.yaml AWS CloudFormation template using either the AWS web console or the CLI. Note that you will need to edit the codebuild-project.yaml template to reflect your own values for the container image and the source location.</p>
<h3>AWS CodePipeline</h3>
<p>AWS CodePipeline is the glue that connects the AWS CodeCommit Git repository to the AWS CodeBuild project that invokes Packer to create an AMI. The pipeline I used has two stages: a source stage and a build stage. The source stage watches the Git repository for new commits and then invokes the build stage. The build stage kicks off the AWS CodeBuild project which uses the Packer container I created to build my new AMI.</p>
<p>To create the AWS CodePipeline pipeline, deploy the codepipeline-role.yaml AWS CloudFormation template and then the codepipeline.yaml AWS CloudFormation template using either the AWS web console to the CLI.</p>
<h3>Building an AMI</h3>
<p>At this point to make the pipeline work all you need to do is to commit the files packer.json and buildspec.yml to the root of the AWS CodeCommit Git repository. Within a few seconds the source stage of the pipeline will notice the commit, package up the files into an S3 bucket and invoke the build stage to actually create the AMI.</p>
<p>Note that you will need to edit the packer.json file to reflect the AWS Region you are using and the base AMI. You can omit the ?vpc_id? field if the region you are using still has it?s default VPC. If, like me, you don?t have a default VPC anymore then you can deploy the vpc.yaml AWS Cloudformation template to create a VPC and use the VPC ID of your new VPC in packer.json .</p>
<h3>Extra Credit</h3>
<p>Once the basic AMI Bakery pipeline is up and running there?s lots of enhancements you could make, here?s some ideas:</p>
<p><ol>
<li>If you are creating a VPC just for Packer, you will end up paying for the Internet Gateway. To avoid this you could create two additional pipeline stages, one to create the VPC and one to tear it down.</li>
<li>Pipelines can be configured to send messages to an AWS SNS topic when they complete. You could write an AWS Lambda function to listen for these messages and then trigger another pipeline or build project (in a different account) that bakes another AMI based on your newly created AMI. We?re looking at doing this to allow one team to manage the base operating system AMI that is then used by application teams to build their own AMIs.</li>
<li>You could create extra stages in the pipeline to perform automated testing of your newly baked AMI, to add a manual approval stage, or to perform a rolling upgrade of EC2 instances using older AMIs.</li>
</ol>
</p>
<h2>Devops on aws</h2>
<h3>Devops on aws</h3>
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<h4>Devops on aws</h4>
There's a relatively new concept in the IT world called immutable infrastructure. This is the idea that once you create a server you should never change it's running configuration. The advantages of this approach include: avoidance of configuration drift; no need to patch running systems; and no need for privileged access to running systems. Configuration…
<h5>Devops on aws</h5>
Devops on aws <a href="http://remmont.com">Devops on aws</a> Devops on aws
SOURCE: <h6>Devops on aws</h6> <a href="https://dev-ops.engineer/">Devops on aws</a> Devops on aws
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Devops continuous integration - Рдуард Кабринский
<h1>Devops continuous integration</h1>
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<h1>DevOps Practices: Continuous Integration</h1>
<p><em>In order to reduce the disconnect in the software development process, it is important to pursue a key DevOps practice: continuous integration.</em></p>
<p>The term DevOps refers to a set of tools and practices that enable software developers and IT operation teams to ?integrate? or partner with one another to streamline the software development and delivery process. The concept has been trendy over the years, and for good reason.</p>
<p>By bringing together the development and operations teams, DevOps streamlines the software development process by empowering all stakeholders involved to build, test, and deploy code throughout automatically and frequently throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC). A study by Deloitte demonstrated the importance of DevOps by revealing that enterprises that embraced the concept witnessed a marked improvement in collaboration (23%), application quality (22%), and time-to-market (20%).</p>
<p>Clearly, DevOps delivers growth, which is an outcome that results from a series of key practices, including continuous integration, test automation, continuous delivery, and rapid deployment. This piece will focus on continuous integration, a practice that encourages collaboration between teams, enables the detection of code errors and bugs, promotes predictable and quick delivery, and increases overall transparency.</p>
<h2>Increased Collaboration Between Teams with Continuous Integration</h2>
<p>The term continuous integration was first coined by Grady Booch. In his book, Booch writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>?At regular intervals, the process of ?continuous integration? yields executable releases that grow in functionality at every release. It is through these milestones that management can measure progress and quality, and hence anticipate, identify, and then actively attack risks on an ongoing basis.?</p></blockquote>
<p>The continuous integration process that Booch describes rests upon the regular integration of software developers? source code into a shared control repository. This process not only enables software developers and other stakeholders to integrate their work with others on the team, but also allows them to build, test, and validate code on a regular basis and, most importantly, in an automated manner that verifies processes and ensures constant feedback.</p>
<p>This leads to better collaboration amongst members on the development and operations teams, as they are able to integrate their work together and ensure better delivery through automated processes. As research reveals, continuous integration ?requires a link between development and operations and is thus very relevant to the DevOps phenomenon.? The practice ensures that software developers are not working in isolation; rather, they are collaborating with other stakeholders, contributing jointly to the team?s code base, and constantly building, testing, and validating code in an automated fashion to guarantee both correctness and compliance.</p>
<h2>Better Detection of Errors and Bugs with Continuous Integration</h2>
<p>In addition, continuous integration also leads to a tight collaboration between development and execution teams. As Booch noted, this allows developers to quickly and easily detect any code errors or bugs that appear in the software development process. With continuous integration, developers execute small changes or tasks, which ? combined with frequent testing and verification ? allows teams to find and address a series issues, including code errors, bugs, or duplicate code. As you may imagine, this process can lead to a collaboration that is based on both high productivity and improved team empowerment.</p>
<p>Continuous integration allows software developers to detect these issues, as well as address them quickly in the process. Because the practice promotes implementing changes in small batch sizes and checking these changes on version control frequently, this provides stakeholders with visibility when issues arise. Additionally, since continuous integration relies on constant and immediate feedback, teams are able to decode bugs, pinpoint errors, or eliminate duplications more easily.</p>
<p>In short, continuous integration prevents a situation in which, for example, integrations are committed at the end of a project in large batch sizes??leaving little or no time to find and address risks or errors. Martin Fowler, Chief Scientist at ThoughtWorks says, although ?continuous integration does not get rid of bugs. it does make them dramatically easier to find and remove.?</p>
<h2>Higher Predictability, Quicker Delivery, and More Transparency with Continuous Integration</h2>
<p>Continuous integration makes it possible to automatically and swiftly build and test code for errors. As a result, development and operations teams are able to ensure predictable and quick continuous delivery, largely because continuous integration encourages teams to work in small batch sizes, test more, and build faster through automation.</p>
<p>This, in turn, leads teams to fail early and quickly??allowing them succeed sooner and more frequently and, therefore, take on more projects. Because a DevOps environment allows teams to experiment and conduct tests and trials more rapidly, teams can afford to fail early. On the other hand, if teams follow a traditional model then they do not have that luxury and, as a result, they fail to execute projects in a timely manner. This means that they may fail late in the process, which can lead to wasted time, increased costs, and slower time to market. A DevOps environment prevents such scenarios by equipping teams with the foundation they need to design, test, fix, and deploy products quickly and efficiently.</p>
<p>Clearly, the lack of continuous integration can leave enterprises in a crippling state in which they are either failing or, alternatively, succeeding slowly and very late in the software development process. Take, for example, the experience of one of our customers, a global bank. In the beginning of our engagement process they informed us that they faced predictability and delivery challenges. For example, it took them three months and approximately $1.8 million to just deploy a database field name change. This process was slow and costly because they were unaware of the consequences that this simple change may have.</p>
<p>Continuous integration can mitigate such challenges by allowing teams to address errors as they emerge. This reduces the long-term severity of risks or the uncertainty that comes with not knowing the impact of a deployment or change. In addition, the tight team collaboration that continuous integration encourages can increase visibility and transparency, specifically by enabling stakeholders to take part in the software development process and track its progress easily.</p>
<p>Moreover, since all the work is stored in a shared control repository, an increase in transparency and visibility also improves accountability because stakeholders are able to identify their contributions, inspect failed tests, and work with other stakeholders to address any issues in the software development process. And, coupled with higher predictability and quicker delivery, an increase in visibility can result in better productivity??enabling teams to have a competitive advantage in the market because they are able to incorporate changes and user feedback through an automated, high-speed manner.</p>
<h2>Continuous Integration with API-led Connectivity</h2>
<p>It is clear that one of DevOps core practices, continuous integration, has many benefits??from encouraging collaboration between teams to increasing overall visibility and transparency. Despite its advantages, however, continuous integration and other aspects of DevOps can be difficult to enable. Approximately 75% of IT leaders view DevOps as a top IT priority; yet, many respondents cite ?understanding which technologies can help? as the greatest obstacle to enabling DevOps. Fortunately, MuleSoft can help organizations further various DevOps practices ? including continuous integration ? through an API-led connectivity approach to integration.</p>
<p>API-led connectivity is a modern, methodical approach to integrating data, devices, and applications through a variety of purposeful, reusable, and composable APIs. Unlike point-to-point integration, which creates tight dependencies between systems, API-led connectivity promotes a plug-and-play approach to integration and uses these modern APIs to expose assets and, in the process, these APIs become discoverable, self-served, and consumable across the enterprise. As organizations deliver with API-led connectivity, they build an application network??one node, one building block at a time. This ensures organizations have enduring business agility.</p>
<p>DevOps practices use principles that complement API-led connectivity in order to improve overall collaboration and productivity, this includes composability, empowerment, and reusability. MuleSoft can help enterprises achieve API-led connectivity through Anypoint Platform???a unified, highly productive, hybrid integration platform. This technology serves as a platform to connect data, systems, applications, and devices.</p>
<p>One customer that adopted API-led connectivity to further their DevOps practice is one of our customers, Spotify. Spotify already had a cutting-edge DevOps practice in place; however, high-speed growth led to an IT architecture that is based on custom solutions and quick fixes. As a result, Spotify faced a series of challenges, including the lack of data accuracy, visibility, reliability, and a slow time-to-market rate.</p>
<p>In order to improve their existing DevOps practice, Spotify chose MuleSoft?s Anypoint Platform as the main integration technology. To illustrate, through the platform they were able to reveal capabilities to third parties, partners, and internal channels by exposing existing assets. With the help of MuleSoft, Spotify was able to enhance their DevOps culture by improving integration practices and promoting team collaboration and self-service??thereby improving their time-to-market performance and overall delivery process.</p>
<p>We know that not everyone already has a robust DevOps practice with continuous integration in place. IT leaders that are struggling to understand how to implement continuous integration must move beyond point-to-point integration because it cripples enterprises by creating tight dependencies. Instead, IT leaders must consider an API-led connectivity approach to integration, which can help further DevOps by allowing enterprises to holistically connect data, devices, applications, systems, and, ultimately, people.</p>
<p>An API-led connectivity approach to integration is becoming more important. Learn more about how you can enable continuous integration and other DevOps practices through Anypoint Platform.</p>
<p>You can also check out our blog to explore more specific topics, including how you can leverage MUnit for test automation and Maven for build automation within Anypoint Platform?.</p>
<h2>Devops continuous integration</h2>
<h3>Devops continuous integration</h3>
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<h4>Devops continuous integration</h4>
DevOps Practices: Continuous Integration In order to reduce the disconnect in the software development process, it is important to pursue a key DevOps practice: continuous integration.
<h5>Devops continuous integration</h5>
Devops continuous integration <a href="http://remmont.com">Devops continuous integration</a> Devops continuous integration
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Kabrinskiy Eduard - Devops is - Eduard Kabrinskiy
<h1>Devops is</h1>
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<h1>What is DevOps?</h1>
<p>In recent years DevOps has moved from an innovative idea to a mainstream approach. But despite how often it is talked about, advocated, and celebrated, the basic question: ?What is DevOps?? is common ? either out loud by the innocent or internally by those who feel they should know the answer but aren?t quite sure. Actually, it?s OK to be not quite sure, because there is no single agreed DevOps definition. At heart, DevOps is the need for a set of consistent practices that help organizations build, deliver, and maintain software and IT services better, quicker, and make them more reliable. As the name suggests, one of the key ways DevOps does this is by taking <strong>Dev</strong>elopment (taking ideas and requested changes and building them) and <strong>Op</strong>eration<strong>s</strong> (making them work and keeping them working) and putting them together, so they work as one. So, what is dev ops? Dev and ops together become DevOps, and silos with different goals become one team with a shared goal ? better services, quicker.</p>
<h2>What Does DevOps stand for?</h2>
<p>For many organizations, DevOps is about speed of deployment: getting the right thing out there quickly. Ultimately it isn?t about how they achieve that, but the DevOps philosophy has demonstrated mechanisms that have delivered that increase in speed and accuracy, and this collection of techniques, culture, and technology is what DevOps has come to stand for.</p>
<p>Although there isn?t a single definition to precisely answer the ?What is DevOps?? question, there are accepted elements that set out what DevOps means:</p>
<p style="clear: both"><img src="https://itchronicles.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/profile-side-view-portrait-of-his-he-nice-attractive-skilled-focused-picture-id1204374053.jpg" /></p>
<ul>
<li>A reliance on technology, particularly automated testing to support rapid ? and often automated ? deployment and release. DevOps certainly isn?t just about technology, but it will not work without it.</li>
<li>Human factors ? bringing together wide-ranging teams and trusting those teams to make decisions about the products they are responsible for, and then for implementing those decisions. Trust and ownership are as essential as the technology. Breaking down organizational silos is a key requirement for success.</li>
<li>Measurement ? by measuring performance, focus on relevant improvements can be made more easily.</li>
<li>Use of appropriate tools, techniques, and best practice. DevOps does not seek to invent new practices but to make the best use of existing ones, such as Agile, ITIL, Lean, and more.</li>
<li>Collaboration and communication ? helping people work together and not duplicate efforts, through relevant (brief) meetings, sharing information via wikis and message boards, and more.</li>
<li>And ? most importantly ? customer focus. Doing the right things over doing things right.</li>
</ul>
<p>DevOps is about both technology and culture: getting the best from both means thinking about them together. It needs the right technology, and staff who can use it well, and are empowered to use it.</p>
<h2>History</h2>
<p>According to the Wiki, the term DevOps is attributed to Patrick Debois, a Belgian IT professional. He coined the term around 2009. Debois and Andrew Schafer, following discussions at a Toronto conference, formed ideas and then a virtual group on ?Agile Systems Administration,? which can be seen as the birth of DevOps philosophies. The original term ?DevOps Days? was given to events to discuss this wider application of Agile, the ?days? term being dropped to give us the simpler ?DevOps? name we have today. The conferences discussing the concept grew ? in size, frequency, and geographical scope to deliver an ever-expanding worldwide community of support for the ideas behind DevOps.</p>
<p>A significant mechanism in the spread of DevOps history has been the novel ?The Phoenix Project? by Gene Kim, Kevin Behr, and George Spafford. Widely seen as a good starting point for those wanting to understand the principles behind DevOps and the culture required to facilitate it. It was published in 2013 and remains an excellent entry for those wishing to get a feel for the culture behind DevOps. It suits anyone wishing a gentler introduction than a typical management book.</p>
<p>In recent years DevOps has seen considerable acceptance, so much that it is no longer seen as an innovation in many sectors, but the accepted approach, with take-up across many sectors and in all parts of the world.</p>
<h2>Related Posts</h2>
<h3> DevOps Frequently Asked Questions </h3>
<p>What is Meant by DevOps? The term DevOps is simply dev from development + ops from operations. So it is about combining the development of</p>
<h3> Your DevOps Interview </h3>
<p>If you are interested in moving into or progressing your DevOps career, the odds are you will need success at a job interview. Just because</p>
<h3> DevOps Best Practices </h3>
<p>Everything from attitudes to specific technologies, frameworks, and methodologies can get bundled into the basket of DevOps best practices ? it?s a wide remit, and</p>
<h3> What is a DevOps Engineer? </h3>
<p>The phrase ?DevOps engineer? is now widely used but loosely defined. The understanding of what a DevOps engineer does and the skills they require vary</p>
<h2>Devops is</h2>
<h3>Devops is</h3>
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<h4>Devops is</h4>
DevOps is a set of consistent practices that help organizations build, deliver, and maintain software and IT services better
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